""" Day 030 — 阶段项目：命令行工具集 ====================================================================== 基础用法：sys.argv、argparse 基础、简单的 CLI 工具 ====================================================================== """ import sys import os import argparse # ==================================================================== # 1. sys.argv 基础 # ==================================================================== print("=" * 60) print("1️⃣ sys.argv — 最基础的参数获取") print("=" * 60) print(f" 脚本名: {sys.argv[0]}") print(f" 参数数量: {len(sys.argv) - 1}") print(f" 参数列表: {sys.argv[1:]}") print() # 模拟用户传递参数 print(" 🔍 模拟参数解析:") def parse_with_sysargv(argv_list): """手动解析 sys.argv""" args = argv_list[1:] # 跳过脚本名 options = {'verbose': False, 'output': None} positional = [] i = 0 while i < len(args): if args[i] in ('-v', '--verbose'): options['verbose'] = True elif args[i] in ('-o', '--output') and i + 1 < len(args): options['output'] = args[i + 1] i += 1 elif args[i].startswith('-'): print(f" ⚠️ 未知选项: {args[i]}") else: positional.append(args[i]) i += 1 return options, positional # 测试 test_args = ['script.py', '-v', '--output', 'result.txt', 'file1', 'file2'] opts, pos = parse_with_sysargv(test_args) print(f" 测试参数: {test_args[1:]}") print(f" 解析结果:") print(f" verbose = {opts['verbose']}") print(f" output = {opts['output']}") print(f" 位置参数 = {pos}") # ==================================================================== # 2. argparse 基础 # ==================================================================== print("\n" + "=" * 60) print("2️⃣ argparse — 标准参数解析库") print("=" * 60) def argparse_demo(): """argparse 基本使用演示""" parser = argparse.ArgumentParser( description='argparse 基础演示', epilog='示例: python 01-basic-usage.py Alice -c 3 -v', formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter, ) # 位置参数 parser.add_argument('name', type=str, help='你的名字') # 可选参数 parser.add_argument( '-c', '--count', type=int, default=1, help='重复次数（默认: 1）' ) parser.add_argument( '-v', '--verbose', action='store_true', help='详细输出模式' ) parser.add_argument( '-l', '--lang', choices=['zh', 'en', 'ja'], default='zh', help='语言（默认: zh）' ) # 解析（使用预设参数演示） test_input = ['Alice', '-c', '3', '-v', '-l', 'en'] args = parser.parse_args(test_input) greetings = { 'zh': '你好', 'en': 'Hello', 'ja': 'こんにちは' } print(f"\n 名称: {args.name}") print(f" 次数: {args.count}") print(f" 语言: {args.lang} -> {greetings[args.lang]}") print(f" 详细: {args.verbose}") print() for i in range(args.count): msg = f"{greetings[args.lang]}, {args.name}!" print(f" {msg}") if args.verbose: print(f" (第 {i+1}/{args.count} 次输出)") argparse_demo() # ==================================================================== # 3. 文件统计工具 (wc) # ==================================================================== print("\n" + "=" * 60) print("3️⃣ 文件统计工具 — 类 wc 命令") print("=" * 60) def wc_count(filename, count_lines=True, count_words=True, count_chars=True): """ 统计文件行数、单词数、字符数 Args: filename: 文件名 count_lines: 是否统计行数 count_words: 是否统计单词数 count_chars: 是否统计字符数（含换行符） """ if not os.path.exists(filename): return None with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f: content = f.read() result = {} if count_lines: result['lines'] = content.count('\n') if count_words: result['words'] = len(content.split()) if count_chars: result['chars'] = len(content) return result # 创建测试文件 test_content = """Hello world Python is great This is a test file Learning CLI tools Day 30 project """ with open('/tmp/test_wc.txt', 'w') as f: f.write(test_content) stats = wc_count('/tmp/test_wc.txt') print(f" 文件: /tmp/test_wc.txt") print(f" 内容:") for line in test_content.strip().split('\n'): print(f" │ {line}") print() print(f" 行数: {stats['lines']}") print(f" 单词数: {stats['words']}") print(f" 字符数: {stats['chars']}") # 统计当前目录下的 Python 文件 this_file = __file__ self_stats = wc_count(this_file) print(f"\n 本文件统计 ({os.path.basename(this_file)}):") print(f" 行数: {self_stats['lines']}") print(f" 单词数: {self_stats['words']}") print(f" 字符数: {self_stats['chars']}") # ==================================================================== # 4. 文本搜索工具 (grep) # ==================================================================== print("\n" + "=" * 60) print("4️⃣ 文本搜索工具 — 类 grep 命令") print("=" * 60) def grep_search(pattern, filename, ignore_case=False, show_line_num=True, color_output=False, context_lines=0): """ 在文件中搜索文本模式 Args: pattern: 搜索文本 filename: 文件名 ignore_case: 忽略大小写 show_line_num: 显示行号 color_output: 颜色输出 context_lines: 上下文的行数 Returns: 匹配结果列表 """ if not os.path.exists(filename): return [] matches = [] with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f: lines = f.readlines() for line_num, line in enumerate(lines, 1): if ignore_case: found = pattern.lower() in line.lower() else: found = pattern in line if found: # 添加上下文 start = max(0, line_num - 1 - context_lines) end = min(len(lines), line_num + context_lines) for ctx_line in range(start + 1, end + 1): if ctx_line == line_num: marker = ">>" else: marker = " " if show_line_num: matches.append(f"{marker} {ctx_line:4d}: {lines[ctx_line-1].rstrip()}") else: matches.append(f"{marker} {lines[ctx_line-1].rstrip()}") matches.append("---") return matches # 在当前文件中搜索 'print' results = grep_search('def ', __file__, show_line_num=True, context_lines=0) print(f" 搜索 'def ' 在 {os.path.basename(__file__)}:") print(f" 找到 {len(results)} 个匹配") for r in results[:10]: print(f" {r}") if len(results) > 10: print(f" ... (还有 {len(results) - 10} 行)") # ==================================================================== # 5. Python 代码行数统计 # ==================================================================== print("\n" + "=" * 60) print("5️⃣ Python 代码统计工具") print("=" * 60) def count_py_lines(root_dir=None): """统计 Python 文件的行数（忽略空行和注释）""" if root_dir is None: root_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) # 回到 day-030- 目录 target_dir = root_dir total_files = 0 total_lines = 0 total_code = 0 total_comments = 0 total_blanks = 0 for fname in os.listdir(target_dir): if fname.endswith('.py'): filepath = os.path.join(target_dir, fname) code_lines = 0 comment_lines = 0 blank_lines = 0 with open(filepath, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f: for line in f: stripped = line.strip() if not stripped: blank_lines += 1 elif stripped.startswith('#'): comment_lines += 1 elif stripped.startswith('"""') or stripped.startswith("'''"): comment_lines += 1 else: code_lines += 1 total_files += 1 total_lines += code_lines + comment_lines + blank_lines total_code += code_lines total_comments += comment_lines total_blanks += blank_lines print(f" {fname:<25} {code_lines:4d} 行代码, " f"{comment_lines:2d} 注释, {blank_lines:2d} 空行") print(f" {'='*40}") print(f" 总共: {total_files} 个文件, {total_lines} 行") print(f" 代码: {total_code}, 注释: {total_comments}, 空行: {total_blanks}") count_py_lines() print("\n" + "=" * 60) print("✅ Day 30 基础用法演示完成!") print("=" * 60)