""" Day 061 - pathlib 现代路径操作 进阶用法：面向对象路径 + glob + 批量操作 运行方式：python3 02-pathlib-modern.py """ import shutil import tempfile import os from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath, PureWindowsPath def demo_path_creation(): """Path 对象创建""" print("=" * 60) print("🔧 Path 对象创建") print("=" * 60) # 多种创建方式 p1 = Path("home/user/file.txt") p2 = Path.home() / "documents" / "report.pdf" p3 = Path.cwd() p4 = Path("/etc/hosts") p5 = Path(".", "subdir", "file.txt") p6 = Path("folder", "subfolder", "file.txt") paths = [ ("字符串创建", p1), ("home 拼接", p2), ("当前目录", p3), ("绝对路径", p4), ("多段拼接", p5), ("跨平台拼接", p6), ] for label, p in paths: print(f" {label:12s} → {p}") def demo_path_properties(): """路径属性""" print("\n" + "=" * 60) print("📊 路径属性") print("=" * 60) p = Path("/home/user/documents/report.pdf") print(f"\n路径: {p}") print(f" .name = {p.name!r:30s} # 文件名") print(f" .stem = {p.stem!r:30s} # 不含后缀") print(f" .suffix = {p.suffix!r:30s} # 后缀") print(f" .suffixes = {p.suffixes!r:30s} # 所有后缀") print(f" .parent = {str(p.parent)!r:30s} # 父目录") print(f" .root = {p.root!r:30s} # 根目录") print(f" .parts = {p.parts!r:30s} # 各部分") print(f" .as_posix() = {p.as_posix()!r:30s} # POSIX 格式") # 相对路径 p2 = Path("docs/README.md") print(f"\n相对路径: {p2}") print(f" .is_absolute() = {p2.is_absolute()}") print(f" .resolve() = {p2.resolve()}") # PurePath（不访问文件系统） pp = PureWindowsPath("C:/Users/Admin/file.txt") print(f"\nPureWindowsPath: {pp}") print(f" .drive = {pp.drive!r}") print(f" .root = {pp.root!r}") def demo_path_navigation(): """路径导航""" print("\n" + "=" * 60) print("🧭 路径导航") print("=" * 60) p = Path("/home/user/projects/myapp/src/main.py") print(f"起点: {p}") print(f" .parent = {p.parent}") print(f" .parent.parent = {p.parent.parent}") print(f" parents[0] = {p.parents[0]}") print(f" parents[1] = {p.parents[1]}") print(f" parents[2] = {p.parents[2]}") # 相对路径计算 base = Path("/home/user/projects") print(f"\n相对路径:") print(f" p.relative_to(base) = {p.relative_to(base)}") # 路径修改 print(f"\n路径修改:") print(f" p.with_name('app.py') = {p.with_name('app.py')}") print(f" p.with_suffix('.jsx') = {p.with_suffix('.jsx')}") print(f" p.with_stem('test') = {p.with_stem('test')}") def demo_glob_pattern(): """glob 模式匹配""" print("\n" + "=" * 60) print("🔍 glob 模式匹配") print("=" * 60) # 创建测试目录结构 work_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="glob_demo_")) # 创建文件结构 structure = [ "src/main.py", "src/utils.py", "src/__init__.py", "tests/test_main.py", "tests/test_utils.py", "docs/README.md", "docs/guide.md", "data/input.csv", "data/output.json", "config/settings.yaml", "config/defaults.json", ] for file_path in structure: full_path = work_dir / file_path full_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) full_path.write_text(f"# {file_path}\n") print(f"目录结构:") for f in sorted(work_dir.rglob("*")): if f.is_file(): rel = f.relative_to(work_dir) print(f" 📄 {rel}") # glob 匹配 print(f"\nglob('*.py') → {sorted(f.name for f in work_dir.glob('*.py'))}") print(f"\nrglob('*.py') → {[f.relative_to(work_dir) for f in work_dir.rglob('*.py')]}") print(f"\nglob('**/*.md') → {[f.relative_to(work_dir) for f in work_dir.glob('**/*.md')]}") # 复杂模式 test_files = list(work_dir.glob("tests/test_*.py")) print(f"\nglob('tests/test_*.py') → {[f.name for f in test_files]}") json_files = list(work_dir.rglob("*.json")) print(f"rglob('*.json') → {[f.relative_to(work_dir) for f in json_files]}") # 清理 shutil.rmtree(work_dir) def demo_batch_operations(): """批量文件操作""" print("\n" + "=" * 60) print("📦 批量文件操作") print("=" * 60) work_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="batch_demo_")) src_dir = work_dir / "source" dst_dir = work_dir / "dest" src_dir.mkdir() dst_dir.mkdir() # 创建源文件 for i in range(5): (src_dir / f"file_{i:03d}.txt").write_text(f"Content {i}\n") # 1. 批量重命名 print("\n--- 批量重命名 ---") for f in src_dir.glob("*.txt"): new_name = src_dir / f"data_{f.stem.split('_')[1]}{f.suffix}" f.rename(new_name) print(f" {f.name} → {new_name.name}") # 2. 批量复制 print("\n--- 批量复制 ---") for f in src_dir.glob("*.txt"): shutil.copy2(f, dst_dir / f.name) print(f" 复制: {f.name}") # 3. 批量统计 print("\n--- 文件统计 ---") total_size = 0 file_count = 0 for f in dst_dir.glob("*.txt"): size = f.stat().st_size total_size += size file_count += 1 print(f" {f.name}: {size} bytes") print(f"\n 总计: {file_count} 个文件, {total_size} bytes") # 4. 批量删除 print("\n--- 批量删除 ---") for f in dst_dir.glob("*.txt"): f.unlink(missing_ok=True) print(f" 删除: {f.name}") # 清理 shutil.rmtree(work_dir) def demo_path_conversion(): """路径转换与兼容""" print("\n" + "=" * 60) print("🔄 路径转换") print("=" * 60) p = Path("/home/user/report.pdf") # 转为字符串 print(f"str(p) = {str(p)}") print(f"repr(p) = {repr(p)}") print(f"format(p) = {format(p)}") # 与字符串互转 path_str = "/tmp/data.txt" p_from_str = Path(path_str) print(f"\nPath('{path_str}') = {p_from_str}") # PurePath 演示 print(f"\n--- PurePath（不访问文件系统）---") pp = PurePosixPath("/home/user/file.txt") print(f"PurePosixPath: {pp}") print(f" .parts = {pp.parts}") pw = PureWindowsPath("C:/Users/Admin/file.txt") print(f"PureWindowsPath: {pw}") print(f" .drive = '{pw.drive}'") print(f" .root = '{pw.root}'") print(f" .parts = {pw.parts}") # f-string 格式化 print(f"\n--- f-string 格式化 ---") name = "report" ext = "pdf" print(f" f'{{Path.home() / f\"{name}.{{ext}}\"}}'") print(f" = {Path.home() / f'{name}.{ext}'}") def demo_advanced_patterns(): """高级路径模式""" print("\n" + "=" * 60) print("🎯 高级模式") print("=" * 60) work_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="pattern_demo_")) # 创建文件 files = [ "app_v1.0.py", "app_v1.1.py", "app_v2.0.py", "test_app.py", "config.json", "data_2024.csv", "data_2025.csv", "README.md", ] for f in files: (work_dir / f).write_text("content") # 后缀过滤 print(f".py 文件: {sorted(f.name for f in work_dir.glob('*.py'))}") print(f".csv 文件: {sorted(f.name for f in work_dir.glob('*.csv'))}") # 正则风格匹配（用 fnmatch） import fnmatch print(f"\napp_v*.py: {sorted(f.name for f in work_dir.glob('app_v*.py'))}") print(f"data_*.csv: {sorted(f.name for f in work_dir.glob('data_*.csv'))}") # 组合模式 print(f"\n--- 组合模式 ---") all_files = list(work_dir.iterdir()) py_files = [f for f in all_files if f.suffix == ".py"] large_files = [f for f in all_files if f.stat().st_size > 0] print(f"Python 文件: {len(py_files)} 个") print(f"有内容的文件: {len(large_files)} 个") # 按大小排序 sorted_by_size = sorted(all_files, key=lambda f: f.stat().st_size, reverse=True) print(f"\n按大小排序:") for f in sorted_by_size: print(f" {f.name:25s} {f.stat().st_size:6d} bytes") shutil.rmtree(work_dir) if __name__ == "__main__": demo_path_creation() demo_path_properties() demo_path_navigation() demo_glob_pattern() demo_batch_operations() demo_path_conversion() demo_advanced_patterns() print("\n✅ pathlib 演示完成！")